Breast Lump Evaluation and Diagnosis

Learn what it means when you find a lump and how not all are cancerous.

Whether you’ve recently found a lump or noticed a change in your breast, our CHRISTUS Health team provides fast, thorough evaluation and answers you can trust. Most breast lumps are benign, but timely imaging and, when needed, biopsy help distinguish between harmless changes and those that need treatment.

Request a Mammogram

Mammograms can detect breast cancer early, when it’s most treatable. Fill out this form and a CHRISTUS representative will reach out via phone or email within 1-2 business days.

Common Causes of Non-Cancerous Breast Lumps

Many breast lumps are caused by benign (non-cancerous) conditions. Understanding these helps you take the right steps toward evaluation and care:

  • Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs within breast tissue, often confirmed by ultrasound or mammogram. They’re typically harmless but may be monitored for changes.
  • Fibroadenomas: Solid, smooth, and firm non-cancerous lumps often found in younger women. Diagnosis usually involves a physical exam, ultrasound, or biopsy.
  • Fibrocystic Changes: Hormonal fluctuations can cause lumpiness, tenderness, or swelling—especially around your menstrual cycle.
  • Lipomas: Soft, movable fatty tumors that are generally benign.
  • Infections or Abscesses: Painful, red lumps that may occur during breastfeeding or as a result of blocked ducts. These often require antibiotics or drainage.
  • Intraductal Papillomas: Small growths in the milk ducts, which can sometimes cause nipple discharge or a lump near the nipple.

How We Evaluate a Breast Lump

When you visit CHRISTUS Health for a breast lump evaluation, your provider will use the latest diagnostic imaging and, if necessary, biopsy techniques to determine the cause.

  • Mammography: A low-dose X-ray that can identify breast abnormalities, including small lumps or calcifications.
  • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to help distinguish between fluid-filled cysts and solid masses.
  • Breast MRI: Recommended in some cases for high-risk patients or when further detail is needed.

When a Biopsy Is Needed

If imaging results are unclear or suspicious, your provider may recommend a biopsy. This quick procedure collects a small tissue sample for review by a pathologist. Types include:

  • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Removes fluid or cells with a thin needle.
  • Core Needle Biopsy: Uses a larger needle to remove small tissue samples.
  • Surgical Biopsy: Removes part or all of a lump for detailed examination.

Most biopsy results confirm benign changes, but if cancer is found, early diagnosis gives you more treatment options and better outcomes.

When to Contact Your Provider

Reach out to your health care provider if you notice any of the following changes:

  • A new lump or thickened area in your breast or underarm
  • Swelling, redness, or dimpling of the breast skin
  • Changes in breast size or shape
  • Persistent breast pain or nipple discharge

Prompt evaluation allows our team to quickly determine next steps and connect you with the right imaging or specialist care.

Supporting Your Breast Health

Early evaluation is key to maintaining breast health. Regular mammograms, awareness of your body, and prompt follow-up on any changes make a significant difference in outcomes.

Schedule Breast Imaging
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